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In the modern NFL, the passing game — and the passing offense — is king.  With completion percentages, passing yards, and passing touchdowns continuing to hit all-time highs, and interceptions reaching all-time lows, it’s easy to only focus on each team’s passing game.  But you may have missed not one, but two of the greatest defensive record-breaking seasons of all time.

The NFL record by a defensive player for interceptions in a season is 14, set by Dick “Night Train” Lane in 1952.   A bad faith argument sometimes notes how remarkable it was that Lane did that in a 12-game season, ignoring the fact that interceptions were more than three times more likely per pass attempt back in the early ’50s.  And while pass attempts are going up, because the interception rate has dropped so significantly, the amount of interceptions in each game has significantly decreased over time:

When Lane intercepted 14 passes,  the NFL average interception rate was 7.4% and his Rams faced 360 pass attempts.  To try and make life fair across eras and teams (some defenses face lots of pass attempts, some face far fewer), let’s use a set of “baseline” numbers of a 3.5% league interception rate and a defense facing 500 passes.  For Lane, this means we multiply 14 by (3.5% divided by 7.4%) and multiply that result by (500 divided by 360); that means Lane would have 9.2 interceptions in a more neutral environment.  That is still a great number, but it’s not the best ever.

For a long time, the best mark belonged to Bill Dudley in 1946.  Playing for the  Steelers, Dudley had 10 interceptions when his team faced only 162 pass attempts! Of course, the average INT rate in 1946 was 9.1%, so that makes things just a bit less impressive.  For Dudley, if we multiply 10 by (3.5% / 9.1%) x (500 / 162), we get an adjusted result of 11.9 interceptions.  In other words, what Dudley did was slightly more impressive than Lane, even with 4 fewer interceptions, in large part because Dudley’s team faced less than half as many pass attempts!

One neat thing to keep in mind:  you may not love my “baseline” numbers of 3.5% interception rate and 500 pass attempts.  But changing those numbers does not change the order of the top seasons, just the magnitude.  So even with different numbers, Dudley’s season will always top Lane’s.

In 2005, Ty Law had what looked to be the best interception season ever. Playing for the Jets, he picked off 10 passes at a time when the league average rate was just 3.1%, and New York faced only 463 passes. Law’s 10 interceptions pro-rated to 12.3 adjusted interceptions (10 x (3.5% / 3.1%) x (500 / 463) = 12.3).  That mark stood the test of time for well over a decade, and it didn’t seem like it was going to be seriously challenged anytime soon.  In 2019, Patriots cornerback Stephon Gilmore — en route to winning the AP DPOY award — led the NFL in adjusted interceptions with just 8.53.  [1]He picked off 6 passes, tied with two other players for the lead league, but his Patriots faced only 536 passes, the lowest number of any player with six interceptions.  The math: 6 x (3.5% / 2.3%) x (500 / 536) = 8.53 adjusted interceptions.

But in 2020, another pair of AFC East players did the unthinkable.  In New England, Gilmore’s teammate J.C. Jackson intercepted 9 passes, with 3 coming in the 5 games Gilmore missed.  That is a remarkable number, particularly since the Patriots faced only 494 pass attempts and the league average interception rate in 2020 was a minuscule 2.2%.  Jackson had an adjusted interception total of 14.54, easily passing Law’s 2005 mark.   Here’s another way to think about it how remarkable it was: there were only 395 interceptions in 2020, so Jackson actually was responsible for 1 in every 44 interceptions thrown in the NFL last season; in 2005, there were 506 interceptions thrown, so Law was responsible for 1 in every 51 interceptions.  [2]In 1952, there were 297 interceptions, so Lane was responsible for 1 in every 21 interceptions thrown.  But remember: there were only 12 teams back then, and getting 1 in every 21 interceptions in a … Continue reading

Jackson’s season should have been celebrated as one of the great defensive performances in modern history.  Unfortunately, it was not only largely ignored, it wasn’t even the best defensive performance by a cornerback in his own division.  Miami’s Xavien Howard had 10 interceptions last year!  [3]So Howard was the man behind 1 in every 39.5 interceptions last year! The Dolphins faced more passes (545) than New England, but not enough to offset the extra pick; Howard had 14.65 adjusted interceptions — (10 x (3.5% / 2.2%) x (500 / 545) = 14.65) — making it the best season in NFL history by this methodology.

Here are the top 300 defensive interception performances in pro football history. As always, the table is fully sortable. And while Howard and Jackson didn’t quite have the McGwire/Sosa buzz during the season, that’s only because the modern game makes interceptions so difficult. Because after adjusting for difficulty level, I am not sure if anyone has ever done it any better.

RkNameYearTeamINTOpp AttLg INT RateMultAdjusted INTs
1Xavien Howard2020MIA105452.2%146.5%14.65
2J.C. Jackson2020NWE94942.2%161.6%14.54
3Ty Law2005NYJ104633.1%123%12.30
4Bill Dudley1946PIT101629.1%119.3%11.93
5Deltha O'Neal2005CIN105193.1%109.7%10.97
6Jack Butler1957PIT102346.9%108.1%10.81
7Nnamdi Asomugha2006OAK84103.2%134.5%10.76
8Aeneas Williams1994ARI94653.1%119.5%10.76
9Paul Krause1964WAS124064.8%89.4%10.73
10Asante Samuel2006NWE105183.2%106.5%10.65
11Ed Reed2008BAL95282.8%117.8%10.6
12Dan Sandifer1948WAS132897.4%81.3%10.57
13Ronde Barber2001TAM104933.4%105.4%10.54
14Champ Bailey2006DEN105383.2%102.5%10.25
15Xavien Howard2018MIA75082.4%145.3%10.17
16Tim Jennings2012CHI95922.6%112.4%10.11
17Antonio Cromartie2007SDG105553.1%100.6%10.06
18Jimmy Patton1958NYG113116.2%91.5%10.06
19Darius Slay2017DET85702.5%124.9%9.99
20Stevie Brown2012NYG85342.6%124.6%9.96
21Mark Carrier1990CHI104953.6%99.5%9.95
22Darryl Williams1997SEA84623%124.4%9.95
23Emmitt Thomas1974KAN124085.2%82.4%9.89
24Lem Barney1967DET103125.7%98.9%9.89
25Jairus Byrd2009BUF95193.1%109.4%9.85
26Mike Reinfeldt1979HOU124654.6%81.8%9.82
27Ed Reed2004BAL95013.2%109%9.81
28Tony Greene1974BUF93115.2%108.1%9.73
29Marcus Peters2015KAN86072.4%121%9.68
30Richard Sherman2013SEA85242.8%120.7%9.65
31Everson Walls1982DAL72894.4%137.6%9.63
32Darren Sharper2005MIN95333.1%106.8%9.61
33Ryan McNeil1997STL95433%105.8%9.52
34Sammy Baugh1943WAS1119310.5%86.3%9.49
35Lester Hayes1980OAK135244.6%73%9.49
36Charles Woodson2009GNB95403.1%105.1%9.46
37Richard Sherman2012SEA85642.6%117.9%9.43
38Anthony Henry2001CLE105523.4%94.1%9.41
39Kevin Byard2017TEN86052.5%117.6%9.41
40Tony Parrish2003SFO95143.3%104.4%9.39
41Patrick Peterson2012ARI74972.6%133.8%9.37
42Pat Fischer1964STL103894.8%93.4%9.34
43Casey Hayward2016SDG75802.3%133%9.31
44Bill Bradley1972PHI93185.3%103.3%9.3
45Night Train Lane1952RAM143607.4%65.9%9.22
46Lindon Crow1956CRD112877.3%83.4%9.17
47Monte Jackson1976RAM103974.8%91%9.1
48Paul Krause1975MIN103605.3%91%9.1
49Mel Blount1975PIT113965.3%82.7%9.1
50Reggie Nelson2015CIN86462.4%113.7%9.1
51Brian Russell2003MIN95313.3%101%9.09
52Deltha O'Neal2001DEN95153.4%100.9%9.08
53Mark McMillian1997KAN85073%113.3%9.07
54Bobby Dillon1955GNB92596.8%100%9
55Brian Kelly2002TAM85103.1%112.4%8.99
56Dave Baker1960SFO102936.7%89.7%8.97
57Ken Riley1976CIN93644.8%99.2%8.93
58Ray Brown1974ATL83025.2%111.4%8.91
59Darren Sharper2009NOR95743.1%98.9%8.9
60Scott Case1988ATL105043.9%88.7%8.87
61Quintin Demps2016HOU65222.3%147.8%8.87
62Howard Hartley1951PIT102667.4%88.7%8.87
63Damontae Kazee2018ATL75852.4%126.2%8.83
64Eric Weddle2011SDG74782.9%126%8.82
65Willie Williams1968NYG103645.5%88.2%8.82
66Asante Samuel2009PHI95803.1%97.9%8.81
67Everson Walls1981DAL115114.3%79.7%8.77
68Jerry Norton1960STL103006.7%87.6%8.76
69Mark Lee1986GNB94484%97.3%8.76
70Thom Darden1974CLE83085.2%109.2%8.74
71Jack Christiansen1957DET102906.9%87.2%8.72
72Darren Sharper2000GNB95573.3%96.6%8.69
73Tony Greene1977BUF93165.7%96.4%8.68
74Trumaine Johnson2015STL75972.4%123%8.61
75Bibbles Bawel1955PHI92726.8%95.3%8.57
76Richard Johnson1990HOU84603.6%107.1%8.57
77Charles Woodson2006GNB85153.2%107.1%8.57
78Dick Westmoreland1967MIA103495.9%85.7%8.57
79O.J. Atogwe2007STL85233.1%106.8%8.54
80Stephon Gilmore2019NWE65362.3%142.2%8.53
81Eric Turner1994CLE95873.1%94.7%8.52
82Walt Harris2006SFO85183.2%106.5%8.52
83Bobby Boyd1964BAL93854.8%94.3%8.49
84Otto Schnellbacher1948NYY113416.7%77%8.47
85Keith Lyle1997STL85433%105.8%8.47
86Sam Madison1998MIA85043.3%105.7%8.45
87Terrell Buckley1998MIA85043.3%105.7%8.45
88Rashean Mathis2006JAX85233.2%105.5%8.44
89Kwamie Lassiter2001ARI95563.4%93.4%8.41
90Ty Law1998NWE95703.3%93.4%8.41
91Charles Woodson2008GNB75182.8%120.1%8.4
92Nick Collins2008GNB75182.8%120.1%8.4
93Tory James2004CIN85203.2%105%8.4
94Goose Gonsoulin1960DEN113875.9%76.4%8.4
95Kyle Fuller2018CHI76152.4%120%8.4
96A.J. Bouye2017JAX65092.5%139.8%8.39
97Tom Keane1953BAL113217.2%76%8.36
98Don Burroughs1960PHI92836.7%92.8%8.36
99Nate Odomes1993BUF95823.3%92.4%8.32
100Keith Lyle1996STL95583.4%92.4%8.31
101Orlando Thomas1995MIN96203.1%92.1%8.29
102Nathan Vasher2005CHI85503.1%103.5%8.28
103Jack Christiansen1953DET123547.2%68.9%8.27
104Fred Glick1963HOU124246%68.9%8.27
105Tre'Davious White2019BUF65532.3%137.8%8.27
106Rod Woodson1993PIT85213.3%103.2%8.26
107Kenny Easley1984SEA105214.1%82.4%8.24
108Johnny Robinson1970KAN104085.2%82.4%8.24
109Ron Bolton1973NWE62405.3%137.2%8.23
110Kwamie Lassiter1998ARI85183.3%102.8%8.22
111Glover Quin2014DET75922.5%117.4%8.22
112Tyrone Braxton1996DEN95663.4%91.1%8.2
113Bill Bradley1971PHI114075.8%74.4%8.18
114Dick Anderson1973MIA83225.3%102.3%8.18
115Don Doll1949DET113127.5%74.4%8.18
116Joey Browner1990MIN74223.6%116.8%8.17
117Troy Polamalu2008PIT75332.8%116.7%8.17
118Joe Lavender1976WAS83544.8%102.1%8.16
119Lem Barney1969DET83504.9%102%8.16
120Dick LeBeau1970DET93715.2%90.6%8.15
121Doug Evans2001CAR85103.4%101.9%8.15
122Eugene Robinson1993SEA95953.3%90.4%8.14
123Will Sherman1955RAM113516.8%73.8%8.12
124John Harris1981SEA105024.3%81.2%8.12
125Corey Chavous2003MIN85313.3%101%8.08
126Samari Rolle2000TEN74663.3%115.4%8.08
127James Hunter1976DET73134.8%115.4%8.08
128Dexter McCleon2000STL85343.3%100.7%8.06
129Rod Woodson2002OAK85703.1%100.5%8.04
130William Thomas1995PHI74993.1%114.4%8.01
131Rosey Taylor1963CHI93535.6%88.9%8
132Ed Reed2007BAL74903.1%114%7.98
133Norb Hecker1956WAS82407.3%99.7%7.98
134Lyle Blackwood1977BAL103825.7%79.8%7.98
135Ed Reed2010BAL85963%99.2%7.94
136Tom Janik1967BUF103775.9%79.3%7.93
137Kurt Coleman2015CAR76502.4%113%7.91
138Willie Clay1995DET85803.1%98.4%7.87
139Nate Wright1976MIN73234.8%111.8%7.83
140Ronnie Lott1991RAI85133.5%97.5%7.8
141Mel Renfro1969DAL104584.9%78%7.8
142Ryan McNeil2001SDG85353.4%97.1%7.77
143Marcus Peters2016KAN65982.3%129%7.74
144Asante Samuel2010PHI75363%110.3%7.72
145Jimmy Allen1981DET94754.3%85.8%7.72
146Ken Houston1971HOU93545.8%85.5%7.7
147Bobby Boyd1965BAL94005.1%85.4%7.69
148Dick Lynch1963NYG93685.6%85.3%7.67
149Jack Butler1958PIT93346.2%85.2%7.67
150Tom Keane1952DTX103107.4%76.5%7.65
151Deron Cherry1988KAN74103.9%109.1%7.63
152Thomas Howard2007OAK64393.1%127.2%7.63
153Anthony Harris2019MIN66012.3%126.8%7.61
154Larry Wilson1966STL104435.2%75.9%7.59
155Frank Reagan1947NYG102768.4%75.9%7.59
156Michael Griffin2008TEN75752.8%108.2%7.57
157Darren Sharper2002GNB75313.1%107.9%7.56
158Chris Gamble2005CAR75283.1%107.8%7.55
159Stephon Gilmore2016BUF55112.3%151%7.55
160Sam Madison1999MIA74843.4%107.8%7.55
161Willie Williams1995PIT75313.1%107.5%7.52
162Dave Whitsell1967NOR104105.7%75.2%7.52
163Erik McMillan1988NYJ84763.9%93.9%7.52
164Eric Weddle2017BAL65692.5%125.1%7.5
165Felix Wright1989CLE95403.9%83.1%7.48
166Marcus Coleman2003HOU75023.3%106.9%7.48
167Barry Wilburn1987WAS95274%83%7.47
168Gill Byrd1990SDG74623.6%106.7%7.47
169Deion Sanders1993ATL75053.3%106.5%7.46
170Carl Lee1988MIN84803.9%93.2%7.45
171David Fulcher1989CIN84823.9%93.1%7.45
172Ray Buchanan1994IND85983.1%93%7.44
173Champ Bailey2005DEN86133.1%92.9%7.43
174Aeneas Williams1995ARI64613.1%123.8%7.43
175Minkah Fitzpatrick2019PIT55142.3%148.3%7.41
176Joe Haden2019PIT55142.3%148.3%7.41
177Don Paul1956CLE72267.3%105.9%7.41
178Milt Davis1957BAL103426.9%74%7.4
179Eugene Robinson1992SEA74283.9%105.6%7.39
180Ronnie Lippett1986NWE84734%92.1%7.37
181Jerry Davis1950CRD92698%81.7%7.35
182Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie2016NYG66302.3%122.5%7.35
183Mike Wagner1973PIT83595.3%91.7%7.34
184Marcus Williams2015NYJ66012.4%122.2%7.33
185Wayne Haddix1990TAM74713.6%104.6%7.32
186Bob Jeter1967GNB83375.7%91.5%7.32
187Gary Barbaro1977KAN83335.7%91.5%7.32
188Darren Perry1994PIT75323.1%104.5%7.31
189Gary Barbaro1980KAN105234.6%73.1%7.31
190Willie Wood1962GNB93556.1%81.2%7.31
191Lemar Parrish1979WAS94704.6%80.9%7.29
192Dick Anderson1968MIA83425.6%91%7.28
193Rod Perry1976RAM83974.8%91%7.28
194Bob Nussbaumer1949CRD123837.5%60.6%7.27
195Tony Parrish2002SFO75523.1%103.8%7.27
196Bobby Dillon1957GNB93146.9%80.6%7.25
197John Symank1957GNB93146.9%80.6%7.25
198Thomas DeCoud2012ATL65512.6%120.7%7.24
199Jake Scott1974MIA83725.2%90.4%7.23
200Dean Derby1959PIT72856%103.2%7.22
201Ashley Ambrose1996CIN85713.4%90.3%7.22
202Ronnie Lott1986SFO106044%72.2%7.22
203Spec Sanders1950NYY133968%55.5%7.21
204Eddie Jackson2018CHI66152.4%120%7.2
205Dennis Thurman1981DAL95114.3%79.7%7.18
206Donnell Woolford1992CHI74423.9%102.3%7.16
207Ray Ramsey1953CRD103417.2%71.6%7.16
208Brig Owens1968WAS83595.5%89.4%7.15
209Mike Sensibaugh1972KAN83685.3%89.3%7.14
210Maurice Hurst1994NWE75453.1%102%7.14
211Dwight Hicks1981SFO95144.3%79.3%7.13
212Paul Krause1968MIN73155.5%101.9%7.13
213Reggie Nelson2016OAK55412.3%142.6%7.13
214Audray McMillian1992MIN85083.9%89%7.12
215Richie Petitbon1963CHI83535.6%88.9%7.11
216Devin McCourty2019NWE55362.3%142.2%7.11
217J.C. Jackson2019NWE55362.3%142.2%7.11
218Tashaun Gipson2014CLE65872.5%118.4%7.11
219Brian Walker2000MIA75303.3%101.5%7.1
220Patrick Surtain2003MIA75293.3%101.4%7.1
221Night Train Lane1954CRD103566.9%70.8%7.08
222Ed Reed2003BAL75313.3%101%7.07
223Tom Colella1946CLE102998.3%70.6%7.06
224Issiac Holt1986MIN84944%88.2%7.06
225Spider Lockhart1968NYG83645.5%88.2%7.05
226Don McNeal1982MIA42264.4%176%7.04
227Bobby Dillon1953GNB93127.2%78.2%7.04
228Xavier Rhodes2016MIN55482.3%140.8%7.04
229Casey Hayward2012GNB65682.6%117.1%7.03
230Aeneas Williams1997ARI64913%117%7.02
231W.K. Hicks1970NYJ83835.2%87.8%7.02
232Dre' Bly2005DET64873.1%116.9%7.02
233Tom Flynn1984GNB95514.1%77.9%7.01
234O.J. Atogwe2008STL54442.8%140.1%7
235Joe Haden2010CLE65073%116.6%7
236Mark Kelso1988BUF74483.9%99.8%6.99
237Troy Polamalu2010PIT75933%99.7%6.98
238Herm Edwards1982PHI52854.4%139.6%6.98
239Kevin King2019GNB55462.3%139.6%6.98
240Dave Grayson1968OAK104465.6%69.8%6.98
241Jordan Hicks2016PHI55532.3%139.5%6.98
242Brandon McDonald2008CLE54462.8%139.4%6.97
243Don Doll1953WAS103507.2%69.7%6.97
244Eric Allen1993PHI64633.3%116.2%6.97
245Bobby Bryant1969MIN84104.9%87.1%6.97
246Dainard Paulson1964NYJ124736.4%58.1%6.97
247Henry Jones1992BUF85203.9%86.9%6.96
248Dick LeBeau1965DET73445.1%99.3%6.95
249Darryll Lewis1994HOU54003.1%139%6.95
250Nate Clements2002BUF64953.1%115.8%6.95
251Kermit Alexander1968SFO94165.5%77.1%6.94
252Levi Johnson1976DET63134.8%115.4%6.93
253Kurt Schulz2000DET75443.3%98.9%6.92
254Don Doll1950DET123818%57.7%6.92
255Frank Seno1947BOS103038.4%69.1%6.91
256Dale Carter1992KAN74583.9%98.7%6.91
257Bobby Watkins1982DET52884.4%138.1%6.91
258Terry McDaniel1994RAI75643.1%98.6%6.9
259Sammy Knight2001NOR64523.4%114.9%6.9
260Deron Cherry1986KAN95694%76.6%6.89
261Phillip Buchanon2003OAK64673.3%114.9%6.89
262Otis Smith1995NYJ64973.1%114.8%6.89
263Marcus Trufant2007SEA75683.1%98.3%6.88
264Irv Comp1943GNB1024210.5%68.8%6.88
265Otto Schnellbacher1951NYG113777.4%62.6%6.88
266Everson Walls1985DAL95494.2%76.4%6.87
267Woodley Lewis1950RAM123858%57.1%6.85
268Don Bishop1961DAL83266.3%85.6%6.85
269Lemar Parrish1980WAS73924.6%97.6%6.83
270Ken Stone1978STL94285.4%75.7%6.81
271W.K. Hicks1965HOU94165.6%75.7%6.81
272Aqib Talib2010TAM65213%113.5%6.81
273Dave Waymer1986NOR95764%75.7%6.81
274Kyle Arrington2011NWE76192.9%97.3%6.81
275Greg Jackson1994PHI64903.1%113.4%6.81
276Bob Forte1947GNB92778.4%75.6%6.8
277Frank Reagan1948NYG93117.4%75.6%6.8
278Darrelle Revis2009NYJ65013.1%113.3%6.8
279Jim Cason1949SFO93187.3%75.5%6.8
280Tre Boston2017LAC55242.5%135.8%6.79
281Eric Allen1989PHI85293.9%84.9%6.79
282Pat Fischer1963STL83705.6%84.8%6.78
283Darius Leonard2019IND55622.3%135.6%6.78
284Cedric Brown1981TAM95414.3%75.3%6.78
285Devin McCourty2010NWE76113%96.8%6.78
286Reshad Jones2015MIA55422.4%135.5%6.78
287Merton Hanks1997SFO65093%112.9%6.77
288Tommy James1950CLE92928%75.3%6.77
289Darren Carrington1993SDG75563.3%96.7%6.77
290Ray Buchanan1998ATL75513.3%96.6%6.77
291Ha Ha Clinton-Dix2016GNB55712.3%135.1%6.76
292Mario Clark1977BUF73165.7%96.4%6.75
293Rolland Lawrence1975ATL94375.3%74.9%6.74
294Mel Renfro1964DAL73774.8%96.3%6.74
295Nate Clements2004BUF64863.2%112.4%6.74
296Tommy Morrow1962OAK103717%67.4%6.74
297Tramon Williams2010GNB65273%112.2%6.73
298Charlie Ford1972CHI73425.3%96.1%6.72
299Jimmy Hitchcock1998MIN75553.3%96%6.72
300Emlen Tunnell1957NYG62266.9%111.9%6.72

As always, please leave your thoughts in the comments.

References

References
1 He picked off 6 passes, tied with two other players for the lead league, but his Patriots faced only 536 passes, the lowest number of any player with six interceptions.
2 In 1952, there were 297 interceptions, so Lane was responsible for 1 in every 21 interceptions thrown.  But remember: there were only 12 teams back then, and getting 1 in every 21 interceptions in a 12-team league is less impressive than 1 in every 44 interceptions in a 32-team league.
3 So Howard was the man behind 1 in every 39.5 interceptions last year!
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